学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发坦克大战（五）

坦克大战完善地图

我的素材放到了百度网盘里，里面还有原版坦克大战素材，我都放在一起来，我的素材是从原版改的，各位小伙伴可以直接用或者自己改一下再用，做出适合自己的素材

素材链接：百度网盘
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/19sCyH7rp37f6DzRj0iXDCA?pwd=tkdz
提取码：tkdz

那我们就继续编写坦克大战吧

1. 创建砖墙

坦克大战中，砖墙是最常见的墙，子弹都可以轻松击穿，下面我们来加入到自己的坦克大战中

创建砖墙类

import pygame.image
from ParentObject import ParentObject

class BrickWall(ParentObject):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load('../Image/Wall/BrickWall.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
        self.isDestroy = False

    def draw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, self.rect)

在主类中加入砖墙列表

class MainGame:
    ...
    # 砖墙
    brickWallList = []
    ...

在主类中加入初始化砖墙函数和显示砖墙函数

def drawBrickWall(self, brickWallList):
    for brickWall in brickWallList:
        if brickWall.isDestroy:
            brickWallList.remove(brickWall)
        else:
            brickWall.draw(MainGame.window)

def initBrickWall(self):
    for i in range(20):
        MainGame.brickWallList.append(BrickWall(i * 25, 200))

这里我在y = 200的位置，连续画出20个砖，砖的图片是25x25的，所以为了防止重叠，要间隔25个距离（像素）

在主函数startGame()函数中调用函数

def startGame(self):
    # 初始化展示模块
    pygame.display.init()
    # 设置窗口大小
    size = (SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
    # 初始化窗口
    MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
    # 设置窗口标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('Tank Battle')

    # 初始化我方坦克
    MainGame.playerTank = PlayerTank(PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1], 1, 1)

    # 播放开始音乐
    MainGame.startingSound.play()
    
    # 初始化场景
    self.initBrickWall()

    while 1:
        # 设置背景颜色
        MainGame.window.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)

        # 获取窗口事件
        self.getPlayingModeEvent()
        
        # 显示物体
        self.drawBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)

        # 展示敌方坦克
        self.drawEnemyTank()

        # 显示我方坦克
        MainGame.playerTank.draw(MainGame.window, PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1])

        # 我方坦克移动
        if not MainGame.playerTank.stop:
            MainGame.playerTank.move()
            MainGame.playerTank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)

        # 显示我方坦克子弹
        self.drawPlayerBullet(MainGame.playerBulletList)

        # 展示敌方坦克子弹
        self.drawEnemyBullet()

        # 展示爆炸效果
        self.drawExplode()

        # 更新窗口
        pygame.display.update()

运行一下，看看结果

但是墙只是摆设，子弹可以穿过，坦克也可以穿过，下面给墙增加碰撞效果

2. 给砖墙增加子弹击中的碰撞效果

在子弹类中增加函数

def bulletCollideBrickWall(self, brickWallList, explodeList):
    for brickWall in brickWallList:
        # 子弹与墙发生碰撞
        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, brickWall):
            self.isDestroy = True
            brickWall.isDestroy = True
            # 碰撞出现爆炸效果
            explode = Explode(brickWall, 25)
            explodeList.append(explode)
            # 出现爆炸播放音效
            Sound('../Sound/block.wav').play()

在主函数中调用
修改显示子弹的两个函数

def drawPlayerBullet(self, playerBulletList):
    # 遍历整个子弹列表，如果是没有被销毁的状态，就把子弹显示出来，否则从列表中删除
    for bullet in playerBulletList:
        if not bullet.isDestroy:
            bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
            bullet.move(MainGame.explodeList)
            bullet.playerBulletCollideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList, MainGame.explodeList)
            bullet.bulletCollideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
        else:
            playerBulletList.remove(bullet)

def drawEnemyBullet(self):
    for bullet in MainGame.enemyTankBulletList:
        if not bullet.isDestroy:
            bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
            bullet.move(MainGame.explodeList)
            bullet.enemyBulletCollidePlayerTank(MainGame.playerTank, MainGame.explodeList)
            bullet.bulletCollideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
        else:
            bullet.source.bulletCount -= 1
            MainGame.enemyTankBulletList.remove(bullet)

运行一下看看

可以看到墙可以被打掉了

3. 给砖墙添加坦克不能通过的碰撞效果

在敌方坦克类中加入函数，在我方坦克类中加入函数
collideBrickWall()

def collideBrickWall(self, brickWallList):
    for brickWall in brickWallList:
        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, brickWall):
            self.rect.left = self.prvX
            self.rect.top = self.prvY

在主类中调用
在while循环中调用

while 1:
    # 设置背景颜色
    MainGame.window.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)

    # 获取窗口事件
    self.getPlayingModeEvent()

    # 显示物体
    self.drawBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)

    # 展示敌方坦克
    self.drawEnemyTank()

    # 显示我方坦克
    MainGame.playerTank.draw(MainGame.window, PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1])

    # 我方坦克移动
    if not MainGame.playerTank.stop:
        MainGame.playerTank.move()
        MainGame.playerTank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)
        # 不能撞墙
        MainGame.playerTank.collideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)

在主类的drawEnemyTank()中调用

def drawEnemyTank(self):
    ...
    for tank in MainGame.enemyTankList:
        # 坦克还有生命值
        if tank.life > 0:
            tank.draw(MainGame.window)
            tank.move()
            tank.collidePlayerTank(MainGame.playerTank)
            tank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)
            # 不能撞墙
            tank.collideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
            bullet = tank.shot()
            if bullet is not None:
                MainGame.enemyTankBulletList.append(bullet)
        # 坦克生命值为0，就从列表中剔除
        else:
            MainGame.enemyTankCurrentCount -= 1
            MainGame.enemyTankList.remove(tank)

运行一下，看看效果

确实是不能穿过了
那就完成啦，接下来就是添加其他的物体了
添加的过程跟添加砖墙是一样的

4. 添加石墙

创建石墙类

import pygame.image
from ParentObject import ParentObject

class StoneWall(ParentObject):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load('../Image/Wall/StoneWall.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
        self.isDestroy = False

    def draw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, self.rect)

在主类中加入石墙列表
在主类中加入显示石墙函数

def initStoneWall(self):
    for i in range(20):
        MainGame.stoneWallList.append(StoneWall(i * 25, 400))
        
def drawStoneWall(self, stoneWallList):
    for stoneWall in stoneWallList:
        if stoneWall.isDestroy:
            stoneWallList.remove(stoneWall)
        else:
            stoneWall.draw(MainGame.window)

给石墙添加坦克不能通过的碰撞效果
在敌方坦克类中加入函数，在我方坦克类中加入函数
collideStoneWall()

def collideStoneWall(self, stoneWallList):
    for stoneWall in stoneWallList:
        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, stoneWall):
            self.rect.left = self.prvX
            self.rect.top = self.prvY

在主类中调用函数

接下来是给子弹添加打击石墙的效果

def bulletCollideStoneWall(self, stoneWallList, explodeList):
    for stoneWall in stoneWallList:
        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, stoneWall):
            # 判断坦克的等级，大于等于2时，可以打穿石墙
            if self.source.level >= 2:
                stoneWall.isDestroy = True
            self.isDestroy = True
            explode = Explode(stoneWall, 25)
            explodeList.append(explode)
            Sound('../Sound/block.wav').play()

在主类中调用函数

主类的完整代码

import pygame
import sys

from PlayerTank import PlayerTank
from EnemyTank import EnemyTank
from Sound import Sound
from BrickWall import BrickWall
from StoneWall import StoneWall

SCREEN_WIDTH = 1100
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
BACKGROUND_COLOR = pygame.Color(0, 0, 0)
FONT_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)
PLAYER_TANK_POSITION = (325, 550)

class MainGame:

    # 窗口Surface对象
    window = None

    # 玩家坦克
    playerTank = None

    # 玩家子弹
    playerBulletList = []
    playerBulletNumber = 3

    # 敌人坦克
    enemyTankList = []
    enemyTankTotalCount = 5
    # 用来给玩家展示坦克的数量
    enemyTankCurrentCount = 5

    # 敌人坦克子弹
    enemyTankBulletList = []

    # 爆炸列表
    explodeList = []

    # 坦克移动音效
    playerTankMoveSound = Sound('../Sound/player.move.wav').setVolume()

    # 游戏开始音效
    startingSound = Sound('../Sound/intro.wav')

    # 砖墙
    brickWallList = []
    # 石墙
    stoneWallList = []

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def startGame(self):
        # 初始化展示模块
        pygame.display.init()
        # 设置窗口大小
        size = (SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
        # 初始化窗口
        MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
        # 设置窗口标题
        pygame.display.set_caption('Tank Battle')

        # 初始化我方坦克
        MainGame.playerTank = PlayerTank(PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1], 1, 1)

        # 播放开始音乐
        MainGame.startingSound.play()

        # 初始化场景
        self.initBrickWall()
        self.initStoneWall()

        while 1:
            # 设置背景颜色
            MainGame.window.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)

            # 获取窗口事件
            self.getPlayingModeEvent()

            # 显示物体
            self.drawBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
            self.drawStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList)

            # 展示敌方坦克
            self.drawEnemyTank()

            # 显示我方坦克
            MainGame.playerTank.draw(MainGame.window, PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1])

            # 我方坦克移动
            if not MainGame.playerTank.stop:
                MainGame.playerTank.move()
                MainGame.playerTank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)
                MainGame.playerTank.collideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
                MainGame.playerTank.collideStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList)

            # 显示我方坦克子弹
            self.drawPlayerBullet(MainGame.playerBulletList)

            # 展示敌方坦克子弹
            self.drawEnemyBullet()

            # 展示爆炸效果
            self.drawExplode()

            # 更新窗口
            pygame.display.update()
            
    def getPlayingModeEvent(self):
        # 获取所有事件
        eventList = pygame.event.get()
        for event in eventList:

            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()

            """
            stop属性用来控制坦克移动，当键盘按键按下时，坦克可以移动，一直按住一直移动，当按键抬起时，停止移动
            如果没有该属性，按一下按键移动一次，按一下移动一下，不能一直按住一直移动
            """
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                MainGame.playerTankMoveSound.play(-1)
                if event.key == pygame.K_w:
                    MainGame.playerTank.direction = 'UP'
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = False
                elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                    MainGame.playerTank.direction = 'DOWN'
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = False
                elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
                    MainGame.playerTank.direction = 'LEFT'
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = False
                elif event.key == pygame.K_d:
                    MainGame.playerTank.direction = 'RIGHT'
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = False
                elif event.key == pygame.K_j:
                    # 判断子弹数量是否超过指定的个数
                    if len(MainGame.playerBulletList) < MainGame.playerBulletNumber:
                        bullet = MainGame.playerTank.shot()
                        MainGame.playerBulletList.append(bullet)
                        # 添加音效
                        Sound('../Sound/shoot.wav').play(0)

            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                MainGame.playerTankMoveSound.stop()
                if event.key == pygame.K_w:
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_d:
                    MainGame.playerTank.stop = True

    def drawPlayerBullet(self, playerBulletList):
        # 遍历整个子弹列表，如果是没有被销毁的状态，就把子弹显示出来，否则从列表中删除
        for bullet in playerBulletList:
            if not bullet.isDestroy:
                bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
                bullet.move(MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.playerBulletCollideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList, MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.bulletCollideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.bulletCollideStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
            else:
                playerBulletList.remove(bullet)

    def drawEnemyTank(self):
        # 如果当前坦克为0，那么就该重新生成坦克
        if len(MainGame.enemyTankList) == 0:
            # 一次性产生三个，如果剩余坦克数量超过三，那只能产生三个
            n = min(3, MainGame.enemyTankTotalCount)
            # 如果最小是0，就说明敌人坦克没有了，那么就赢了
            if n == 0:
                print('赢了')
                return
            # 没有赢的话，就产生n个坦克
            self.initEnemyTank(n)
            # 总个数减去产生的个数
            MainGame.enemyTankTotalCount -= n
        # 遍历坦克列表，展示坦克并且移动
        for tank in MainGame.enemyTankList:
            # 坦克还有生命值
            if tank.life > 0:
                tank.draw(MainGame.window)
                tank.move()
                tank.collidePlayerTank(MainGame.playerTank)
                tank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)
                tank.collideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
                tank.collideStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList)
                bullet = tank.shot()
                if bullet is not None:
                    MainGame.enemyTankBulletList.append(bullet)
            # 坦克生命值为0，就从列表中剔除
            else:
                MainGame.enemyTankCurrentCount -= 1
                MainGame.enemyTankList.remove(tank)
    
    def initEnemyTank(self, number):
        y = 0
        position = [0, 425, 850]
        index = 0
        for i in range(number):
            x = position[index]
            enemyTank = EnemyTank(x, y)
            MainGame.enemyTankList.append(enemyTank)
            index += 1

    def drawEnemyBullet(self):
        for bullet in MainGame.enemyTankBulletList:
            if not bullet.isDestroy:
                bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
                bullet.move(MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.enemyBulletCollidePlayerTank(MainGame.playerTank, MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.bulletCollideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
                bullet.bulletCollideStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList, MainGame.explodeList)
            else:
                bullet.source.bulletCount -= 1
                MainGame.enemyTankBulletList.remove(bullet)

    def drawExplode(self):
        for e in MainGame.explodeList:
            if e.isDestroy:
                MainGame.explodeList.remove(e)
            else:
                e.draw(MainGame.window)

    def drawBrickWall(self, brickWallList):
        for brickWall in brickWallList:
            if brickWall.isDestroy:
                brickWallList.remove(brickWall)
            else:
                brickWall.draw(MainGame.window)

    def initBrickWall(self):
        for i in range(20):
            MainGame.brickWallList.append(BrickWall(i * 25, 200))

    def initStoneWall(self):
        for i in range(20):
            MainGame.stoneWallList.append(StoneWall(i * 25, 400))

    def drawStoneWall(self, stoneWallList):
        for stoneWall in stoneWallList:
            if stoneWall.isDestroy:
                stoneWallList.remove(stoneWall)
            else:
                stoneWall.draw(MainGame.window)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    MainGame().startGame()

5. 添加玩家基地

坦克大战是玩家坦克在保护自己基地的同时消灭敌方坦克，当玩家坦克生命值为0或者基地爆炸时，游戏失败，下面来添加玩家的基地

创建基地类

import pygame.image

from ParentObject import ParentObject


class Home(ParentObject):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load('../Image/Home/Home.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
        self.isDestroy = False

    def draw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, self.rect)

为基地添加碰撞效果，在两个坦克类中加入下面的函数

def collideHome(self, home):
    if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, home):
        self.rect.left = self.prvX
        self.rect.top = self.prvY

在主函数创建基地变量，并初始化和调用上面的函数

之后给基地加入子弹击中效果

def bulletCollidePlayerHome(self, home, explodeList):
    if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, home):
        self.isDestroy = True
        explode = Explode(home, 50)
        explodeList.append(explode)
        Sound('../Sound/buh.wav').play()
        return True
    else:
        return False

返回值用来判断是否结束游戏
在主类中设置一个变量记录是否游戏结束

def __init__(self):
	# 初始化
    MainGame.home = Home(425, 550)

    # 记录是否输了
    self.isDefeated = False

在循环中检查

while 1:
	...
    # 检查是否输了
    if self.isDefeated:
        self.defeated()
        break
    ...

def defeated(self):
    # 失败了坦克不能移动了
    MainGame.playerTankMoveSound.stop()
    # 播放失败音乐
    Sound('../Sound/gameOver.wav').play()
    print('游戏结束')
    self.isDefeated = True

游戏结束后要改变窗口中的内容，显示你输了，所以要用break跳出

这里需要使用到在窗口显示文字，编写一个函数

def drawText(self, text, x, y, fontSize, window):
    # 初始化字体
    pygame.font.init()
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('georgia', fontSize)
    # 加载文字并设置颜色
    fontColor = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
    fontObject = font.render(text, True, fontColor)
    # 展示文字
    window.blit(fontObject, (x, y))

记得在主函数中调用

while 1:
    # 设置背景颜色
    MainGame.window.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)

    # 获取窗口事件
    self.getPlayingModeEvent()

    # 显示物体
    self.drawBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
    self.drawStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList)
    MainGame.home.draw(MainGame.window)

    # 展示敌方坦克
    self.drawEnemyTank()

    # 显示我方坦克
    MainGame.playerTank.draw(MainGame.window, PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[0], PLAYER_TANK_POSITION[1])

    # 我方坦克移动
    if not MainGame.playerTank.stop:
        MainGame.playerTank.move()
        MainGame.playerTank.collideEnemyTank(MainGame.enemyTankList)
        MainGame.playerTank.collideBrickWall(MainGame.brickWallList)
        MainGame.playerTank.collideStoneWall(MainGame.stoneWallList)
        MainGame.playerTank.collideHome(MainGame.home)

    # 显示我方坦克子弹
    self.drawPlayerBullet(MainGame.playerBulletList)

    # 展示敌方坦克子弹
    self.drawEnemyBullet()

    # 展示爆炸效果
    self.drawExplode()

    # 检查是否输了
    if self.isDefeated:
        self.defeated()
        break

    # 更新窗口
    pygame.display.update()

# 设置背景颜色
MainGame.window.fill(BACKGROUND_COLOR)

# 显示字体
self.drawText('Defeated', 200, 200, 50, MainGame.window)

# 更新窗口
pygame.display.update()

给玩家提示敌人坦克数量

到这里，坦克大战的基本功能就实现了，接下来就是添加其他的场景物体和坦克样子了

6. 最终效果

主界面，这里直接放了一张图片上去，图片在素材里，上面的坦克是自己画上去的，w和s键可以上下移动坦克，选择对应的模式

选择关卡，这里使用用了四张图片，左右箭头，上面的标题和start文字，这些都是图片，按下黄色箭头可以选择关卡，使用的鼠标事件

游戏界面

其中加入了奖励功能

地图制作可以使用excel读取信息，下面是第一关的地图

坦克大战代码

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qFV-0hi0cgZS1Hnvx6mK6Q?pwd=90tk
提取码：90tk